The role of redox homeostasis biomarkers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma development and progression

The clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most frequent and aggresive subtype of usually detected at an already advanced stage. It might even be observed as a metabolic disease since complex molecular changes disturbed redox homeostasis are its hallmark. As certain characteristic for tumorigenesis, while some other metastatic disease, identification modifications could also point out stage tumor progression. Hypoxia inducible factor, factor regulating transcription genes encoding glycolytic enzymes, well controlling lipid accumulation, has particular place in ccRCC development. Additionaly, induces Keap1/Nrf2 pathway which further modulates synthesis phase-II detoxifying metabolism enzymes. upregulation glutathione transferases, Pi class especially, inhibits kinase-dependent apoptosis that essential Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts signaling molecule conveying signals, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase enzymes involved production degradation. Hence, activity these impacts levels consequentially ability cells to evade negative effect reactive oxygen species.